This paper presents photoacoustic (PA) detection as a rapid, label-free, and noninvasive analysis technique for red blood cell characterization. This technique relies on analyzing 1-dimensional PA time series data which is much more efficient than computer vision techniques. The paper demonstrates an on-chip PA flow cytometry system using a simple microfluidic chip combined with a PA imaging system to count and characterize up to โผ60 RBCs per second.